The correct answers are the following:
- B. Athenian direct democracy allowed all free male citizens to make policy and American representative does not.
- D. American representative democracy allows citizens to elect leaders to shape laws and Athenian direct democracy did not.
The democracy that was functioning on Ancient Athens was a direct democracy. It means that the whole electorate participates on every political decision hence, through each decision they are actually making policy. Only adult free (non-slave) males were allowed to vote, while women or foreigners were excluded. This rules out answers A and E. In total, the electorate consituted around the 30% of the total adult population.
Answer C is also ruled out because it defines a representative democracy that was not the system operating in Athens.
On the contrary, in the current US there is a representative democracy functioning. Citizens choose political representatives through suffrage, and later on these representatives would make political decisions on their behalf. The electorate comprises all national adults, with no distinction in terms of gender. Therefore, the citizens do not participate directly in policymaking.