1. We measure Earth's age based on radiometric dating of fragments from the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite.
2. It measures chronological dating that relates geological strata to time.
3. 4.543 billion years old
4. Fossils are formed in a number of different ways, but most are formed when a plant or animal dies in a watery environment and is buried in mud and silt. To determine the relative age of different rocks, geologists start with the assumption that unless something has happened, in a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the newer rock layers will be on top of older ones.
5. If you look at the first "continent", Pangaea, and then compare it to now, that in itself is evidence.
6. Natural processes are interactions among plants, animals, and the environment.
Example: energy flow and nutrient cycles.
7. Weathering is to wear away or change the appearance or texture by long exposure to the air.
Example: Wind and water cause small pieces of rock to break off at the side of a mountain.
8. Erosion is the action of surface processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location.
9. Deposition occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer sufficient to overcome the forces of gravity and friction, creating a resistance to motion.
10. Wave Rock=Weathering. Thor's Hammer=Weathering (i think?) Hawaiian Islands= Volcanic hot spots Great Blue Hole=several episodes of Quaternary glaciation.
11. Comparative anatomy, biochemistry, bio-geography, etc.
12. evolution is stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
13. The fossil record can be used to show that organisms changed to meet new conditions. Even looking at dogs in the 1920's, dogs have slightly changed too. So dating back to BC, fossils have changed.
14. In the 18th century scientific research showed that fossil bones could be compared with bones of modern animals. Many identified fossils belong to animals unknown in Europe but found on other continents.
15. They were 3.5 billion year old microbes and they were found in Western Australia.
16. Scientific ideas change over time as our evidence improves. The more experiments we do, and the more data we collect, the better our scientific ideas become.
17. As technology advances, we are able to do experiments that would have been impossible in the past. We can use spectroscopes (for spectrometers) to shine light through material and see what elements it's made of. We can use gigantic telescopes to see into the far reaches of our universe.
18. Radioactive/Radiometric Dating, CT Scanners, Pneumatic Air Scribe, Magnetic survey, etc.
19. It helped paleontologists find out more about the hardrosaur and its ancestry.
hope this helps :)