Question

How many covalent bonds are predicted for each atom?
Atoms; P, Se, I, N, C , B

Answer 1

Step-by-step explanation:

Covalent bonds are defined as the bonds which are formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms. They are usually formed by non-metals.

The number of covalent bonds are predicted by the number of valence electrons.

Elements belonging to Period 3 and above will form covalent bonds same as the number of valence electron because of the presence of d-orbitals.

Elements belonging to period 2 will form covalent bonds = (8 - number of valence electrons)

For the given elements:

• Phosphorus is the 15th element which belong to period 3. The electronic configuration of
  `1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^3`

This element has 5 valence electrons and will form 5 covalent bonds.

• Selenium is the 34th element which belong to period 4. The electronic configuration of
  `[Ar]4s^23d^(10)4p^6`

This element has 6 valence electrons will form 6 covalent bonds.

• Iodine is the 53rd element which belong to period 5. The electronic configuration of
  `[Kr]4d^(10)5s^25p^5`

This element has 7 valence electrons will form 7 covalent bonds.

• Nitrogen is the 7th element which belong to period 2. The electronic configuration of
  `1s^22s^22p^3`

This element has 5 valence electrons. It will form (8 - 5) = 3 covalent bonds.

• Carbon is the 6th element which belong to period 2. The electronic configuration of
  `1s^22s^22p^2`

This element has 4 valence electrons. It will form (8 - 4) = 4 covalent bonds.

• Boron is the 5th element which belong to period 2. The electronic configuration of
  `1s^22s^22p^1`

This element has 3 valence electrons. It will form (8 - 3) = 5 covalent bonds.

Answer 2

Covalent bonds are bonds that are formed by sharing of electron between two atoms. The number of covalent bonds that can be formed depends on the number of valence electrons.

1) P= phosphorous

Valence electron configuration = 3s²3p³

# maximum covalent bonds = 5

2) Se= Selenium

Valence electron configuration = 4s²4p⁴

# maximum covalent bonds = 6

3) I = Iodine

Valence electron configuration = 5s²5p⁵

# maximum covalent bonds = 7

4) C = carbon

Valence electron configuration = 2s²2p²

# maximum covalent bonds = 4

5) B = Boron

Valence electron configuration = 2s²2p¹

# maximum covalent bonds = 3