Option D- ecological succession is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ecological succession can be defined as the process of change in the structure of species of an ecological community over time. Like there can be a mass extinction for hundreds of years before a new ecological succession or development.
The island of Krakatoa experienced a series of succession in order to restore the little life capable of living on the island. After the explosion, no plant or animal life on Krakatoa survived but slowly and gradually life again seeped through and today the island is a home to several species of vascular plants, butterflies, birds, reptiles etc.