Answer:
The correct answer is A. Racist ideology was rampant during colonial times.
Step-by-step explanation:
African colonial history has a unifying factor: all the nations that colonized the territory were European, and therefore white. Thus, the French settled in North Africa, the Belgians did so in the Congo area, the English and Dutch in South Africa, etc.
These nations established highly racist systems in their colonies, oppressing African nations and establishing regimes controlled by white people. Thus, for example, Leopold II of Belgium established a reign of terror over the Hutu and Tutsi tribes in the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi. Other nations, with mixed societies with the presence of large white populations, such as South Africa or Zimbabwe, established segregation regimes, where whites, despite being a minority, held the majority of government positions and political power.