so let's start off by grouping y²+2y=48
(y² + 2y +[?]²) = 48
now, we have a missing value to get a perfect square trinomial.
recall that the middle term is the product of 2 and the other two without the ², so one can say that
![\bf 2(y)[?]=2y\implies [?]=\cfrac{2y}{2y}\implies [?]=1](https://img.qammunity.org/2019/formulas/mathematics/high-school/44310ufmz37et48whsue621toxpvs4f6uf.png)
low and behold, is 1, now, since all we're doing is borrowing from our very good friend Mr Zero, 0, if we add 1², we also have to subtract 1².
