Option 2: Basic education.
The Freedmen’s Bureau (1865–72) was an American agency established by Congress to provide practical aid to millions newly freed African Americans in their transition from slavery to freedom, as well as poor whites in the South after the Civil War ended.
Even though the agency couldn't carry out all of its initiatives, and didn't achieve to provide long-term protection nor equality for black people, it achieves great accomplishments in the education area, as well as in providing medical aid, housing and food for the needed.
The education area was one of its major success: The bureau built thousands of schools for blacks and spent over $400,000 to establish teacher-training institutions. It also helped to found colleges such as Howard University in Washington, D.C., Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, and Hampton University in Hampton, Virginia.