Answer: D. secondary succession after a volcanic eruption
Step-by-step explanation:
A succession can be defined as the series of changes that occur in a biotic community of an ecosystem with respect to the changes that occur in the abiotic (non-living factors such as sunlight, water, soil and others) in a considered time duration until the ecosystem attains stability. Primary succession occur in those regions which are not previously occupied with any life form. This occur in regions of barren land, region undergone with volcanic eruption and retreating glacier. Secondary succession refers to the region which was previously colonized by the living species but was disturbed by human induced or natural calamity. The ecosystem regains it's shape in secondary succession because of the precursors of seed, spores, stems and roots left in the region to support the germination of new plants.
The given picture is depicting the secondary succession after a volcanic eruption this is because of the fact that rocks can be seen as severely damaged by the lava erupted after volcanic eruption which might have disturbed the vegetation growing over that region. But some precursors like seeds, spores, roots might have left which were capable to give birth to new plants hence, has supported the secondary succession.