The best insight to life during the late 1600s, especially in the Colonies, is the uncertainty of life, how at the time nobody could take anything for granted.
Rowlandson learns from the attack that no one is guaranteed life, no life is above the mishaps of existence (which were even more plentiful at that time) and life can be short and brutal.
Nonetheless, another aspect of the story that offers a powerful insight into life at that time is her unwavering faith in God's will. Throughout the whole experience, Rowlandson keeps her faith and perceives everything that happens into a blessing or a doing of God.