Final answer:
The frequency of allele p in the population can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation: p² + 2pq + q² = 1. Given the genotype frequencies, we can determine that the frequency of allele p is 0.7.
Step-by-step explanation:
The frequency of allele p in the population can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation: p² + 2pq + q² = 1. In this equation, p represents the frequency of allele A, and q represents the frequency of allele a. In the given question, we are given the genotype frequencies: p² = 0.49, 2pq = 0.42, and q² = 0.09. Since p² represents the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals, we can directly equate it to 0.49. Solving this equation, we find that p = 0.7. Therefore, the frequency of allele p in the population is 0.7.