Final answer:
Contrapposto is a sculptural pose where the figure bears weight on one leg, leading to a naturalistic stance with a shift in hips, chest, and shoulders, creating a sense of motion and life-likeness. It emerged during the Early Classical Greek period and became highly influential, symbolizing realism and humanism in art.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term contrapposto describes a pose in sculpture where the figure is positioned such that the weight is borne on one leg, leading to a naturalistic and more dynamic stance. This position initiates a shift in the figure's hips, chest, and shoulders, which contributes to a more dramatic and life-like appearance than the stiff, frontal poses that preceded this style. Examples of contrapposto can be seen in classical sculptures such as the 'Kritios Boy' and the 'Diadumenos', which show an advanced understanding of human anatomy and movement. In these sculptures, the pose often results in an 'S' curve down the central axis of the figure, creating a sense of balance and motion through the tension and relaxation of opposing limbs.