The narrative of the poem describes the process the speaker and his neighbor go through to repair the wall that divides their farm properties. The speaker relates his discussion with his neighbor, as well as his reflection about the purpose and process of fixing the wall.
One of the poem’s central themes is the purpose of building such a wall. The speaker seems to be saying that the wall that exists between him and his neighbor doesn’t really serve any purpose. He argues that there are no cows or any other animals to be contained that could damage either of their properties. The use of the phrase “old-stone savage” may also indicate that the speaker sees the wall as representing an outdated way of thinking. Because the wall seems to have no practical function, the speaker evaluates its social or philosophical purpose for both him and his neighbor.
-PLATO ANSWER