Final answer:
Oil and minerals have been the primary resources behind conflicts in Africa since World War II, fueling violence and economic dominance struggles, especially in Central Africa.
Step-by-step explanation:
The resource that has caused the most conflict in Africa in the years since World War II is oil and, to a lesser extent, other valuable minerals such as coltan. The exploitation of natural resources has often been a major factor in driving conflicts in African nations, particularly in Central Africa, where control over mineral-rich areas has fueled ongoing violence. The competition for these resources, such as oil and minerals, and the economic pressures associated with it have been a significant factor for rebel groups and factions within countries like the Congo where mineral wealth has yet to be fully extracted.
Military conflict in Africa has also been associated with the pursuit and control over fossil fuel resources. The demand for arable land and water, while critical, has not led to the same degree of violent conflict as seen with fights over oil and gas reserves. However, land disputes and the need for water have indeed been a significant issue across many African countries, contributing to tensions and unrest.