Final answer:
The functions of the urinary system include removing wastes, regulating fluid volume, and maintaining electrolyte levels in the body. The correct answer is D: All of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
The urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, serves vital roles in maintaining homeostasis within the body. These functions encompass:
- Removing wastes such as urea, uric acid, excess water, and mineral ions through the formation of urine.
- Regulating fluid volume by controlling the amount of water that is excreted or retained in the body, which in turn affects blood pressure.
- Helping maintain electrolyte levels, where key electrolytes like Na+, Ca2+, and K+ are balanced by being selectively reabsorbed into the bloodstream or excreted in urine based on the body’s needs.
- Regulating acid-base balance in the blood to ensure the correct pH is maintained, thereby supporting normal cellular functions and enzymatic activity.
- Producing hormones such as EPO which is essential for red blood cell production.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question about the functions of the urinary system is D: All of the above.