The correct answer is D) push polls.
Using a poll to alter views by connecting opposition to a negative issue is called push polls.
We are talking about political campaigns in the United States. A "push poll" is a poll publicly presented as a political poll, but in reality, it is a form of a negative campaign to damage an opponent. It can be a poll that uses e-mail or telephone calls that are presented as research but negative information about the rival candidate is presented. This kind of propaganda confuses the voters.