False. The Ottoman Empire didn't grew larger or became stronger after World War I. In fact, it was the complete opposite, as it was split into different nations when the war was over. Some of these new countries were colonized by the British and the French for several years during the 20th century.
After enduring several centuries of conflict, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers to fight against the Allied Forces in World War I. When the British troops occupied the Ottoman capital of Constantinople and after the Allies won the war, the empire was dissolved, so it wouldn't represent a threat to the Western powers in that region.
The Ottoman Empire became what we know today as the Republic of Turkey and the modern Arab world.