Question

Select all that apply. A participle may be used as a(n): linking verb object of a preposition predicate nominative appositive adjective complement subject indirect object

Answer 1

Participles can be classified in past and present; for example:

With regular verbs such as help:

Present Participle: Helping

Past Participle: Helped

With irregular verbs such as bring:

Present participle: Bringing

Past participle: Brought

Then, option 5 (Adjective complement) is not correct because participles can be used as adjectives for example in this sentence:

The walking men

But the function of the participle walking would be pre-modifier of the noun men, not adjective complement.

The correct options are object of a preposition (2), subject (6) and indirect object (7) and the participles in these cases are used as noun. Whenever a present participle is functioning as a noun, it is called gerund. For example:

Marcus decided to shut up instead of criticizing his friend. (Object of a preposition)

Running exhausts John (Subject)

We gave bungee jumping a chance (Indirect object)