Final answer:
The major sources of thermal energy within the Earth are gravitational energy left over from the Earth's formation and the radioactive decay of elements in the Earth's crust.
Step-by-step explanation:
One major source of thermal energy within the Earth is the gravitational energy left over from the formation of the Earth. This energy was converted into thermal energy as pieces fell into the gravitational field of the Earth. Another major source is the radioactive decay of elements such as uranium, thorium, and potassium in the Earth's crust. The energy released from these decays adds to the thermal energy within the Earth's core.