a) The orientation of the figure ABCDE is clockwise. The orientation of figure A'B'C'D'E' is counterclockwise, so at least one reflection is involved. The direction of AB is North, while the direction of A'B' is West, so a rotation of 90° is involved. Both of these can be accomplished by a reflection across the line that has a direction halfway between these, Northwest. The x-coordinate of point D is the same as that of D', so it is convenient to put point D on the line of reflection.
A transformation sequence that maps ABCDE to A'B'C'D'E' is ...
- reflection across the line x+y=-2
- translation down 2 units
The attachment shows the result of reflecting the figure across the line.
b) About any reflection will give the figure the proper orientation. Depending on what it is, some amount of rotation and/or translation may be required.
We can reflect point D across the line y=-2 to put it where point D' is. That reflection changes the direction of AB to South, so we need to rotate the figure 90° CW to get AB to point West. Since we want point D' to be invariant, we can use that point as the center of rotation.
A second transformation that gives the same mapping is ...
- reflection across the line y = -2
- rotation 90° CW about the point (-1, -3)