1. Photosynthesis refers to the procedure by which plants and some other species utilize the energy in the form of sunlight to generate glucose from carbon dioxide and water. The chlorophyll present in the leaves captivates the light energy needed to form glucose. As chlorophyll is green, so it absorbs the blue and red parts of the electromagnetic spectrum and reflects the green part of the spectrum.
2. Hydrocarbons are the organic components, which are formed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are found in various places, like natural gas and crude oil.
3. A single molecule of phospholipid exhibits a phosphate group on one end known as the head and the two side by side chains of fatty acids, which forms the lipid tails. The phosphate group is charged negatively, forming the head polar and hydrophilic, or water-loving.
4. All the amino acids are bonded together to form long chains, the bond is known as a peptide bond. In an amino acid, the alpha carbon is bound with a hydrogen atom as well as a unique side chain, or R group. Each of the 20 amino acids differentiates from each other due to the presence of the unique R group, or the side chain.
5. All the proteins comprise an element, nitrogen, which is not found in any carbohydrates or fats, and some proteins also exhibit sulfur.