Final answer:
Key technologies such as the steam engine, textile machinery like the spinning jenny and power looms, and the assembly line were instrumental in the growth of the factory system. The mass production of steel through the Bessemer process and advances in communication and transportation further aided this expansion.
Step-by-step explanation:
New technologies that helped the factory system grow included the steam engine, developed by Thomas Newcomen and improved by James Watt, and mechanized devices in textile production like the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and advanced looms. Innovations like the mechanized seed drill and cotton gin revolutionized agricultural productivity, leading to countries beginning their path to industrialization often through the textile and processed food industries. The assembly line production method also significantly increased efficiency and speed in manufacturing finished goods.
Other significant technological advances included the Bessemer process for mass steel production, facilitating the rise of modern city skylines, and communication technologies like the telegraph and telephone. Refrigerated rail cars, chemical experimentation yielding synthetic aniline dyes, and improvements in health and education due to medical advancements were also pivotal in supporting the burgeoning factory system.
The combination of these technologies and concepts laid the foundation for an industrialized society, transforming both urban and rural life, and greatly increasing both the availability and quality of a wide range of goods.