Final answer:
The phrases indicating the thanes' loyalty and obedience are "surrounded closely by his powerful thanes," "the rest proceeded," and "led by their prince," as they show the thanes' close alliance and their following of orders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The evidence from the passage that best supports the inference that the thanes are loyal and obedient to their leader includes "surrounded closely / by his powerful thanes," "the rest proceeded," and "led by their prince." The phrase "surrounded closely / by his powerful thanes" suggests that the thanes are closely allied with the hero, signifying their loyalty. Additionally, the passage indicates that the thanes are obedient by following the orders to remain with the arms, and the rest of the thanes follow their prince without hesitation as shown by the phrases "the rest proceeded" and "led by their prince."