The correct answer is C) separated by 100 miles of rugged terrain.
Based on the map, the thing that was true of the two city-states that came to dominate ancient Greece is that they were separated by 100 miles of rugged terrain.
Athens was the intellectual place of ancient Greece and the main city-state. They also had a powerful Navy. Athenians were smart people that focused on developing philosophy, science, and arts.
Sparta was a different city-state. It was located in the Peloponnisos peninsula, was an oligarchy, and had a strong army. Spartans were warriors by nature. Both city-states ended up waging war between each other in what was know as the Peloponnesian War form 431 to 404 BCE: