Final answer:
Legumes such as clovers, vetches, lucernes, peas, beans, and acacias are the best plants for enriching the nitrogen content of soil through biological fixation. These plants have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia, which convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable ammonia for the plants.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best plants to enrich the nitrogen content of soil through biological fixation without adding chemical fertilizers are legumes. Legumes such as clovers, vetches, lucernes, peas, beans, and acacias have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia.
When legumes are seedlings, their root hairs are invaded by rhizobia, which eventually form small nodules in which the bacteria live and multiply. These bacteria fix free nitrogen and release it in the form of ammonia, which is used by plants to produce amino acids.
By planting legumes, Tom can naturally fertilize his soil and decrease his reliance on chemical fertilizers, making his farm more environmentally friendly and sustainable.