The answer is: d. none of these
to memorize a causal effect relationship like the topic written above, the memorization strategy that i would recommend would be graphic organizers.
Graphic organizers create a visual graphic that can be used to connect a certain situation with the effect of that situation through vivid images (for example, she could put burning fire image and connect it the graphic of destroyed forest) . This help Tanya remember the connection between wildfire and habitat.