Alison has 1/2 cups of yogurt and each parfait has 1/8 cups of yogurt. We want to know how many parfaits she can make.
If x is the amount of parfaits she can make,
1/2 = 1/8x
The 1/8 cups of yogurt in the x amount of parfaits has to add up to 1/2 cups because this is all the yogurt she has.
So divide both sides of the equation by 1/8 to isolate x, what we want to know
4 = x
Alison can make 4 parfaits with 1/8 cups of yogurts each using her 1/2 cup of yogurt.