The correct answer is C) It prevented Islam from expanding into Western Europe.
The effect that the Byzantine rule over Constantinople as well as the Islamic defeat by Charles Martel in 732 C.E. had on the spread of Islam is that It prevented Islam from expanding into Western Europe.
Charles Martel led the Franks to stop the invasion of the Muslim that wanted to expand Islam into Western Europe. He fought against Muslims in the Battle of Tours of October 10, 723. Martel commanded his troops of Franks as Bugundians to repel the Muslims troops of Abdul Rahman, governor of al-Andalus. The victory was very important to establish the Carolingian Empire and eliminate the possibility of Muslim invasions in Western Europe.