These can be classified as
1) developing a fire resistant fabric : it will involve the application of chemistry as this is not direct chemistry so this will be applied chemistry
2) reducing the active ingredient in a medication to minimize side effects :
This will involve the pure chemistry
3) analyzing the compounds found in a soil sample from mars
This will involve again the analysis part hence it is pure chemistry
4) measuring how much water expands upon freezing
This is application of chemistry , hence applied chemistry