Your answers are going to be:
1) A. Divine right. Kings and monarchs believed that they were appointed ruler by God, and that it was their duty.
2) A. the first experimental acts by the Enlightenment thinkers. As we know, the Declaration of Independence was written using the ideals of Enlightenment thinkers. It cannot be any of the other answers because a) the Revolution could not have been an agreement, because there was war, and b) it was not a failure at all. In fact, it was a complete success.
I hope that I was able to help you!