The correct answer is D. Neither Gogol nor Mrs. Lapidus understands the cultural schooling traditions experienced by Gogol’s parents.
Both excerpts express Gogol and Mrs. Lapidus confusion about this naming problem. In India is custom that a kid gets two names, one pet name used by the family and a name to be used in public, this one chosen by an elderly in the family. Gogol's grandmother sends a letter with the public name that never arrives and the name Gogol, chosen to be the pet name, is written in the birth certificate, since the parents cannot leave the hospital without it. So Gogol goes through life with his pet name but when the time arrives to go to the kindergarden, their parents give him a public name, one that is not in the birth certificate. Therefore the teacher's confusion, who must respect the official documents, and Gogol's, who has always had one name and doesn't understand why he needs a different one to be used in public.