Final answer:
The dog and cat share some of the same matter, as all organisms are composed of matter with some common elements like carbon and hydrogen.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question poses four possible commonalities between a dog living today and a cat living thousands of years ago. The correct choice in this scenario is B. they have some of the same matter. All living organisms are made of matter, and while the specific arrangement of this matter changes over time, the building blocks, like carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, remain consistent. Choices A, C and D are incorrect as every species has unique DNA, bone structures differ amongst species, and the amount of energy can vary extensively.
It's important to note that DNA sequences that are highly homologous suggest a close evolutionary relationship, and as both cats and dogs share a relatively recent common ancestor in the grand scheme of evolution, being part of the Order Carnivora, they do have genetic similarities but not the exact same DNA. Further, although both animals have bones, their bone structure is differentiated by species-specific adaptations.