Question

Classify the responses in the given situations as part of innate immune response or adaptive immune response. A liver is transplanted from a donor to a recipient. Swelling occurs around the area of a scratch. A person has a high fever during a viral infection. A person is injected with the typhoid vaccine.

Answer 1

• a liver is transplanted from a donor to a recipient - adaptive immune response (via T killer cells or B cells)

• a person is injected with the typhoid vaccine-adaptive immune response (The immune response to vaccination may not be perceived as illness but still confers immune memory)

• swelling occurs around the area of a scratch-innate immune response (inflammation)

• a person has a high fever during a viral infection-innate immune response(includes substances called interferon and interleukin-1 which causes fever).

Answer 2

Adaptive immune response

A liver is transplanted from a donor to a recipient.

A person is injected with the typhoid vaccine.

Innate immune response

Swelling occurs around the area of a scratch.

A person has a high fever during a viral infection.

Step-by-step explanation:

In an innate immune response system the main objective is to restrict the ability and functioning of disease causing microorganisms such as bacteria, parasite, and fungi etc. so that they do not move across the entire body and hence denature their ability to infect.

While in an adaptive immune response system, the response against any foreign element is produced based on the memory of immune system with respect to its last interaction with the same antigen either through vaccination or through the antigen itself.

Thus, liver transplantation and typhoid vaccination are example of adaptive immune response and swelling and high fever due to viral infection are example of innate immune response.