The correct answer is "the team had to get a new kicker", which is the second option.
This is because the other options do not create complete sentences when added to the end of the first clause.
After Jose broke his leg, and had surgery to set the leg bone - not a complete sentence, grammatically incorrect.
After Jose broke his leg, just before the championship game - not a complete sentence, another ending still is necessary
After Jose broke his leg, in a fall from his bicycle last week, - not a complete sentence, just added information without a subject and verb.
Therefore, the only correct option is:
After Jose broke his leg, the team had to get a new kicker.
This option is correct because there is a subject and a verb in the ending, making it a complete sentence. The subject is team and the verb phrase is had to get, both of which relate back to the first clause given.
Hope this helps!