1. Danny listened to the man speak Spanish, he understood the language.
comma splice
The sentence has a comma splice because the two independent clauses that make the sentence (“Danny listened to the man speak Spanish” and “he understood the language”) are incorrectly joined by a comma. In order to fix this error, the two clauses should be joined by a semicolon or conjunction (like “and”)
2. The reporter wrote the award-winning story it was published in over two hundred newspapers.
run-on
A run-on sentence is a sentence consisting of two or more independent clauses that are not joined with a period, semicolon or conjunction (like and, but, or) as they should be, and that, instead, are incorrectly connected with a comma or are without any type of punctuation.
The sentence is an example of a run-on sentence because the two independent clauses (“The reporter wrote the award-winning story” and “it was published in over two hundred newspapers”) are missing a semicolon, a period or conjunction that joins them.
3. If you look through the window, you can see the mountain peaks in the distance.
Correct sentence
The conditional sentence is correct because it expresses a complete idea, and it correctly presents an “if clause”, followed by a comma and a “result clause.”
4. Although it was a more difficult test than the students had ever taken.
Fragment
Fragments are groups of words that look like a sentence because they begin with a capital letter and end with a punctuation mark like a period, but that in reality, are not sentences because they do not express a complete thought, like the statement from Option 4.
5. Eva is a quiet girl, but she is really a very funny person.
correct sentence
The sentence joins two independent clauses with the conjunction “but” and expresses a complete thought, therefore it is correct.
6. Susan sang a solo and accompanied herself on the piano.
Simple sentence
This is a simple sentence because it consists of one independent clause: it has a subject (Susan), a verb (In this case two: sand and accompanied) and expresses a complete idea on its own.
7. When Uncle Jack comes to town, we all have a good time.
complex sentence
This is a complex sentence because it is made up of one dependent clause (When Uncle Jack comes to town) and one independent clause (we all have a good time).
8. On our trip, we drove every afternoon until five o’clock.
simple sentence
This is a simple sentence because it consists of one independent clause: it has a subject (we), a verb (drove) and expresses a complete thought on its own.
9. Our neighbors are going to Canada on their vacation, but we will take our vacation at home.
Compound sentence
This is a compound sentence because it has two independent clauses (“Our neighbors are going to Canada on their vacation” and “we will take our vacation at home”) with related ideas, and joined by the coordinating conjunction “but.”
10. Naoki passed the test because he studied hard and understood the material.
Complex sentence
This is a complex sentence because it is made up of one independent clause (Naoki passed the test) and one dependent clause (because he studied hard and understood the material).