x + 4 = 10
the goal is to isolate the variable (x). you do this by doing the opposite to all of the numbers that are on the same side as the variable (x).
If you subtract 4 from the left side, you must also subtract 4 from the right side to keep the equation balanced.
x + 4 -4 = 10 -4 (-4 was added to both sides because +4 and -4 = 0)
x + 0 = 10 - 4
x = 6
Another example:
x - 7 = 13
x - 7 +7 = 13 + 7
x + 0 = 20
x = 20
Hope this helps you to understand!