The correct answer is option (D) detergent and proteinase k .
Lysis refers to the process of breaking the cell membranes to expose the DNA along with the cytoplasm. Lysis solution is used in the extraction of DNA and other extraction processes of molecular biology.
In DNA extraction, lysis of tissue is first done by mechanical disruption using a homogenizer or a pestle and mortar. It is then treated with a lysis solution made up of detergent and proteinase k. Detergents are used to separate the membrane proteins from the membrane and the nucleus. Detergents are amphipathic in nature and the hydrophobic part of it surrounds the biological membranes and helps in the isolation of proteins. They also breakdown the lipids in the membranes. Proteinase k helps in two ways during DNA extraction. It helps in the digestion of proteins and also inactivation of nuclease which can digest the DNA in the sample.