Final answer:
The Second Continental Congress was responsible for debating and drafting the Declaration of Independence, which was released on July 4, 1776.
Step-by-step explanation:
The group that debated and drafted the Declaration of Independence was the Second Continental Congress. This congress gathered in May 1775, initially seeking to reconcile with Great Britain. However, after the response to the Olive Branch Petition and conflicts like the battles at Lexington and Concord, it became clear that the American colonies favored independence. As a result, a committee was formed within the Congress to draft a formal statement declaring independence. The Declaration of Independence was then released to the states on July 4, 1776, marking a break from British rule and the beginning of the United States of America as an independent nation.