Answer: Similarities: Regulating the rights and obligations of people, as well as the forerunner of modern laws.
Differences: Different types of laws, civil and divine
Explanation: One of the similarities between the Roman Twelve Tables and the Ten Commandments are in both cases given obligations and duties in order to achieve equality. In Rome, this was the case of trying to equate the Plebeians and Patricians as the classes, while in the case of the Ten Commandments, all the rules apply to all people, members of the chosen people. In a higher sense, it is an attempt to achieve moral and ethical values and behavior of people.
Another similarity is that both sets of laws were the starting point for the further development of these laws, their improvement and systematization. Twelve Tables later evolved into the famous Roman Law, with many additions and changes, but it can be said that although the archaic Twelve Tables are the basis for a well-developed law that will later be the basis of the legal relations of modern states.
On the other hand, a large number of explanations and interpretations of the Ten Commandments, which were inevitable in order to create a sort of divine set of rules and laws, have written many books of rules that are an integral part of the Old Testament. In this way, a model of behavior and moral values based on divine rules has been created, and they are an integral part of the entire cultural, legal, state and religious system of values. This system of values permeates the whole Jewish-Christian civilization.
The difference would be that the Twelfth Table was the precursor of what we now call the civil law or the character of the secular state's law. They were written by people and created in accordance with civic duties and rights. On the other hand, the Ten Commandments are the law of God and characteristic of theocratic states. According to the Bible, God gave these commandments to Moses in order to honor one God, and the rights and obligations resulting therefrom.