1. John Locke: People have the right to challenge their government if it doesn’t protect the “natural rights” of life, liberty, and property
2. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Society should be ruled by the “general will” of the people.
3. Isaac Newton: Discovered laws of gravity and motion that showed the natural world wasn’t controlled by spirits
4. Baron de Montesquieu: Power should not be concentrated in the hands of one individual
5. Cotton Mather: Advocated the use of science to immunize citizens against smallpox