A common denominator is very similar to the idea of a common multiple. You can think of a common multiple between two numbers as some number that they both go into. In other words, if you started counting by 3s and 5s, 15 would be a common multiple, since you manage to hit that number in both of your counting lists
3, 6, 9, 12, 15
5, 10, 15
Here, we're looking for some number that's a common multiple of 2 and 4. Counting by both numbers and listing those out:
2, 4, 6, 8
4, 8
We find that 8 fits the bill best. 10 and 6 are both multiples of 2, but not of 4, and 5, being an odd number, isn't a multiple of either one.