Whenever you have a polynomial and you find out that , you can conclude that is a factor of .
In this case, we have to assume that the graph is a parabola, i.e. a polynomial of degree 2. We can also see where this polynomial equals zero, i.e. where it intersects the x-axis: the two points are and .
Recalling what we said in the first paragraph, we can deduce that and are two factors of this parabola. But this means that we found two factors of degree 1 of a polynomial of degree 2, which means that this must be the complete factorization.
So, we can say that this polynomial is factored into
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