In the 18 th century, the U.S. population was mainly centered on the Atlantic coast. Most people lived near water, so transportation by water was essential to the economy at the time. Most transportation on land was by horse or foot. This made it difficult to transport large amounts of goods across the land. During the 19 th century, transportation greatly expanded and increased mobility across the states. New technology made it faster and easier to transport goods. First, roads were constructed. The first national road, also known as the Cumberland Road, started in Cumberland, Maryland and ended in Wheeling, West Virginia, connecting the east and west. Next, steamboats were constructed.