The student wants a grade of x on his 3rd exam, so that the average of the 3 exam grades is 80:
72 + 78 + x
---------------- = 80
3
Solving for x: 72 + 78 + x = 240, or x = 90
If the student earns a grade of 90 or better on the 3rd exam, he will earn a course grade of 80 or better.