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1.In 726, under the reign of Leo III, what were considered unholy and ordered destroyed? a. books b. icons c. musical instruments d. poems

2.What was the name of the famous church, built under Justinian's reign, that still exists today?

a.St. Peter's Basilica

b.Hagia Sophia

c.Sistine Chapel

d.Dome of the Rock

3. Under feudalism, what was another word for a peasant?

a.vassal

b.serf

c.merchant

d.artisan

4.William the Conqueror was a Norman who defeated an Anglo-Saxon nobleman to take control of England after ___________ died in 1066.

a.King John

b.King Alfred the Great

c.Charles "The Hammer" Martel

d.Charlemagne

5.In 1054, the Christian church split into two main churches, the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East. What was this split called?

a.the Great Schism

b.the Big Divorce

c.the Dichotomy

d.the Division

6.Which of the following was NOT one of the ways in which the Crusades benefited European society?

a.They introduced new military technology and knowledge.

b.They increased royal power.

c.They increased commercial activities through the importation of new goods and ideas.

d.They resulted in military victory over Islamic society.

User Hvtilborg
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2 Answers

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Answer: 1. - B. Icons

2. - B. Hagia Sophia

3. - B. Serfs

4. - King Edward Confessor

5. - A. The Great Schism

6. - D. They resulted in military victory over Islamic society.

Explanation: 1. Under the kingship of Leo III, the destruction of icons was carried out, on the grounds that the worship of icons is considered heresy. It is known as the iconoclasm, and it implies a very strict and incorrect interpretation of the commandments of respecting one God, without making any statues and images, because this is considered idolatry. In the case of icons, they were not subject to worship but a way to speed up prayer to one God with the help of sacred characters on the icons.

2. Hagia Sophia was originally built as the Orthodox Church in Byzantium, then converted to Mosque after the fall of Byzantium, and today it is a museum, a symbol of grand medieval architecture, and a symbol of Istanbul. It is dedicated to the Holy Wisdom, built in the 6th century under the reign of Justinian I, and represents the perfect combination of the symbol of Christianity with the artistic details of Islam, subsequently added by the Turks.

3. Serfs were peasants who held a low position in the medieval hierarchy. Although they were not slaves, they did not have their own land, but they lived in the possessions of nobles and lords, and worked for them. In turn, they had everything they needed in terms of food and other needs, but their status was related to their master. Their master could not sell them, since in fact they were not slaves, they had the opportunity to produce food for themselves on the master's the land, and in return would pay to their master in the form of labor.

4. After King Edward died in 1066, he was succeeded by his brother-in-law, nobleman Harold Godwinson. Godwinson launched an army in the south of England during the Norman Invasion, and at the Battle of Hastings he was defeated by the William the Conqueror who took over the throne of England.

5. The Great Schism or the split in the Christian Church occurred in 1054. Thus, officially two Christian Churches, the Roman Catholic in the West, and the Orthodox in the East were officially formed, although unofficially they already existed before. The reasons for the split have been blunted for centuries before, and they were both political and religious. Some of the political ones were created even with the division of the Roman Empire. The official language in the Church in the West was Latin, in the East of Greece, and slowly began to diverge. Some of the Pope, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, relied on the West European kings for their support, and thus diminished the significance of the Patriarch in Constantinople. Regarding religious reasons, the Western Church regarded itself as the only true Catholic Church, while on the other hand, the Church in Constantinople considered itself as to be right and one who followed the early tradition, hence the "Orthodox". In addition, there were differences in attitudes and opinions regarding the nature of the Holy Spirit. The ultimate official split occurred in 1054, when the Pope and Patriarch excommunicated each other.

6. The Crusades took several centuries, and the starting point was the liberation of the Holy Land from the Muslims. During the Crusades, there were many innovations in the mode of warfare, commercial and trade activities that were promoted. In addition, it will increase the royal power, especially thanks to certain periodic successes of the Crusades, but also because of the great wealth that has been brought. Although Jerusalem itself was conquered several times by the Crusades and was under Christian power, in the end, the Holy Land, as well as many parts of the Middle East and the Mediterranean, remained in the power of the Muslims.

User Ngephart
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Answer:

  1. b. icons
  2. b.Hagia Sophia
  3. b.serf
  4. King Edward
  5. a. the Great Schism
  6. d.They resulted in military victory over Islamic society.

Step-by-step explanation:

1. In 726, under the reign of Leo III, icons were considered unholy and ordered destroyed. This was an unpopular decision, and is known as iconoclasm.

2. The Hagia Sophia is the name of a church that was built in 537 AD, during the reign of Emperor Justinian. The Hagia Sophia is still standing, and it is now a museum.

3. Serfs were the lowest social class of the feudal society, although they were different from and had more rights than slaves. They were forced workers that were sold with the land. However, they had the right to own property.

4. King Edward the Confessor died in 1066, leaving no heir to the throne. This caused a succession struggle that began with the Battle of Hastings. The eventual successor was William the Conqueror.

5. The Great Schism was the split that divided the Christian Church into the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church in 1054.

6. Although it is likely that the Crusades slowed down the spread of Islam, and prevented Muslim armies from conquering Western Europe, they did not in any way resulted in military victory over Islamic Society. Islam continued to be a very strong force all over the Mediterranean.

User Betrice Mpalanzi
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