In the novel The Alchemist, By Paul Coelho, Shepherd and The Englishman, both are on the path of discovery. Santiago travels to become a shepherd. On his path, he learns many valuable lessons. He meets many people on his way through whom he moves toward his Personal Legend. Santiago is continuously challenged by his faith by meeting people and learning valuable lessons.
While on his way Santiago search for the alchemist who would help him towards his Personal Legend. He meets the Englishman who is also in search of The Alchemist. The Englishman wanted to learn the “alchemy” secret. While they are traveling Santiago suggest him to learn through observation. Later they exchange their way of learning. Therefore, The Englishman gives his book to Santiago. Hence both failing in exchange for their experience.