Answer: A. largely peaceful with the Pope providing stable rule after the collapse of the Roman Empire.
B. divided into a few large nation-states with strong kings.
Step-by-step explanation:
The collapse of the Western Roman Empire brought certain changes in the political life of Europe. Several larger kingdoms were formed, and the pope generally kept things under control. There were certain mutual wars, such as the Hundred Years' War between France and England, but there was no bloodshed as in the period of antiquity and the domination of the Roman Empire. The states, however, were not united even during the Viking threat period.