Final answer:
Leaf phyllotaxy is true to the pattern of leaf attachment to a stem, including spiral, opposite, alternate, and whorled. Tubers and rhizomes are part of the stem system, not root system. Monocots have flowering parts in multiples of three and leaf veins that run parallel, while dicots have networked leaf veins and flower parts in four or five multiples.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. true: Leaf phyllotaxy refers to the pattern of leaf attachment to a stem, which includes arrangements such as spiral, opposite, alternate, and whorled.
2. true: The oldest plant fossils indicate that early plants had stems but were lacking leaves, flowers, or roots, suggesting a simpler vascular structure.
3. false: Although sometimes confused, tubers and rhizomes are actually part of the plant's stem system, not the root system. They are specialized structures for storage and vegetative reproduction.
4. false: In monocot plants, the flowering parts are typically in multiples of three, not four or five. This is one of the distinguishing traits between monocots and dicots.
5. true: The shoot system indeed includes components such as nodes, internodes, lateral buds, and stem, which are all essential to the aerial parts of the plant.
6. true: Monocot flowering plants typically have leaf vein patterns that run parallel to the length of the leaves, which is another characteristic feature distinguishing them from dicots.
7. false: Angiosperms can be divided into two main groups: monocots and dicots. Tricots do not exist as a category in botanical classification.
8. false: Dicot flowering plants generally have leaf veins that form a network pattern rather than parallel, contributing to the diverse morphology seen in these plants.