1) the demise of Nazi Germany. The Nazi party ruled Germany from 1933, and introduced a number of brutal laws, including racially prejudiced and euthanasia for the sick and the Nazi Germany was beaten and abolished after they lost the war.
2) The cold war - this was a result of the differences between the winners of the War: the Western World and the Soviet Union
3) some territorial changes: for example, Poland "moved" to the west, receiving a lot of land from Germany and giving land to Soviet Union
4) Germany was divided into two countries for many years, until 1990!