Julian Rotter would say that Kim, who believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him has an external locus of control.
External locus of control describes a person who believes that he or she can not influence events and their outcomes, and that events in one's life, whether good or bad, are caused by uncontrollable external factors.