Except A. Lava cooling
As sedimentary rock is formed sedimentation,which is compacting of the pre-existing materials,it does not require lava eruption. Lava eruption only form igneous rocks.
here's why the following answers are accepted:
B. chemical process
during the formation of clastic sedimentary rock,the soluble minerals cement the loose particles together.
C. physical process
compaction takes place which is a physical process
D. remains
the remains of animals and plants form non-clastic sedimentary rock after million years (e.g. coal)